COVID-19 Vaccines: Q&A

Originally Published February 14, 2021

Updated July 31, 2021

Most people are patiently waiting for their turn in line to receive a COVID vaccine. It can be difficult to navigate this situation with so many anecdotes floating around about side effects, efficacy and long-term protection. Here are some answers to common questions and concerns.

Which vaccine should I get?

Currently, there are only 3 COVID-19 vaccines available in the United States: Pfizer, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson. Pfizer and Moderna both require 2 doses, with Pfizer requiring 3 weeks between inoculations and Moderna requiring 4 weeks. Johnson & Johnson requires 1 dose. Results of their trials showed relatively similar efficacy rates of 94-95%, so each vaccine appears equal. It is important to remember that full efficacy is reached approximately 7-10 after your second inoculation, as your immune system requires time and effort to recognize and remember the vaccine. It is not advisable to switch manufacturers between your first and second doses. In the coming weeks, there may be other vaccines from AstraZeneca that become available for usage.

I’m scheduled for my vaccine, but I’m feeling symptomatic of COVID-19. What should I do?

If you’re feeling symptomatic for COVID-19, you should start quarantining protocols immediately as detailed in the Outpatient Management Guidelines.  You should also ensure proper timing of getting tested for SARS-CoV-2. It is not recommended to receive the vaccine if you are feeling acutely ill.

I previously had COVID-19. Should I get the vaccine?

At this time, it is recommended for patients who have previously tested positive for COVID-19 to complete the vaccination series with one manufacturer. Emerging data may suggest that for patients with underlying medical conditions resulting in an immunocompromised state, changing manufacturers of similar vaccine types (i.e., Pfizer to Moderna or Moderna to Pfizer) between the first and second dose, may be helpful to promote better efficacy.

I received my first dose, but then tested positive for COVID-19. Do I need the second dose?

Depending on the timing and severity of your COVID-19 infection, you should wait to receive the second dose of the vaccine until your COVID-19 infection has passed. This includes resolution of fever or body aches without fever-reducing medications. It is important to speak with your primary care provider regarding your specific case of COVID-19, as they can monitor your progression and course. At this time, it is still recommended to receive your second dose, but there is growing evidence questioning the utility in receiving the second dose, and this recommendation may change in the coming weeks.

I received both the first and second COVID-19 vaccines, but then I fell ill and tested positive for COVID-19? Does that mean the vaccine didn’t work?

Vaccines do not guarantee 100% immunity against SARS-CoV-2, so there are instances where patients, despite receiving the full series of a COVID-19 vaccination.  Vaccinations help prevent severe complications from infection, so even if you become ill, the vaccine is still efficacious.

Should I be get a booster COVID-19 vaccine?

At this time, it is not currently recommended to receive a third booster vaccine. Data is rapidly emerging on this matter, as research into protection against the variant strains continues.